A unique key metric or keyword is a quantifiable measure specifically designed to track progress toward a particular, strategic business objective. It is "unique" not because it is an exotic measure, but because it is customized and crucial for a specific organization or project, unlike a more generic metric. Unique key metrics, also known as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), derive their power from how they are defined and implemented.
While a primary key serves the same purpose, a unique key has important differences from a primary key:
- Allows one null value: A unique key column can contain one NULL value, meaning one record in the table can have an undefined value for that column without violating the uniqueness rule. A primary key, on the other hand, cannot contain any NULL values.
- Multiple per table: A single database table can have multiple unique keys defined on different columns, while it can only have one primary key.
- Allows modification: The values in a unique key column can be modified or deleted. The database system handles the changes to ensure the uniqueness constraint is maintained.
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